About the Author(s)

Jan Seaman Kelly is a questioned document examiner with the Oklahoma County District Attorney’s Office in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Ms. Kelly received her document training from George Lewis and Susan Morton, who are with the U.S. Postal Service Forensic Laboratory in San Bruno, California. Her professional affiliations include the American Academy of Forensic Sciences and the Southwestern Association of Forensic Document Examiners; and she is a Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Document Examiners, Inc.

Preface

This monograph is intended to be a resource for verified dates of typewriters, printers, ribbons, and correction fluids, as well as a brief history of the computer and the facsimile machine.

The author wishes to acknowledge and express appreciation to the following individuals who offered their assistance and knowledge base for making this monograph possible:

Maureen Casey-Owens, Questioned Document Examiner, Chicago, Illinois
James V. P. Conway, Questioned Document Examiner, Alameda, California
A. Lamar Miller, Questioned Document Examiner, Birmingham, Alabama
Robert J. Muehlberger, Questioned Document Examiner, Memphis, Tennessee
Peter V. Tytell, Questioned Document Examiner, New York, New York
Janis M. Winchester, Questioned Document Examiner, Tallahassee, Florida
William P. Enright, Lexmark Executive, Lexington, Kentucky
Donna Lipari, Xerox Public Relations Specialist, Rochester, New York
Kathy Plant, Hewlett-Packard Public Relations Specialist, San Diego, California
Danielle Frizzi, Liquid Paper Public Relations Specialist, Boston, Massachusetts

The author wishes to express special gratitude to Cindy Risi of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and Glenda Ralls of Los Angeles, California. Both of these ladies spent many hours assisting with organizing and recording the information contained in this monograph.

Table of Contents

Significant Dates of Modem Typing Methods..... 1
Section I. Technological Advances by Company
Typewriters ........ 2
Ribbons ......... 8
Printers.......... 11
Section II. Brief History of Today’s Printers
Daisywheel........ 19
Dot Matrix ....... 19
Ink Jet .......... 20
Laser .........20
Impact and Non-Impact Printers ............. 21
Section III. Correcting Fluids, Lift-Off Tapes, Post-it Notes, Carbon Paper
Correcting Fluids ........ 26
Lift-Off Tapes ....... 27
Post-it Notes ....... 28
Carbon Paper ....... 28
Carbon less Paper .......... 29
Section IV. Chronology of Ribbons and Typewriters
Ribbons ..... 30
Typewriters ......... 32
Section V. History of the Facsimile Machine History of the Computer
Facsimile Machines ............ 39
Computers/Word Processors ......... 42
Section VI. Glossary of Terms ....... 46